AnAge entry for Cervus elaphus
Classification (HAGRID: 02020)
- Taxonomy
-
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia (Taxon entry)
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae (Taxon entry)
Genus: Cervus
- Species
- Cervus elaphus
- Common name
- Red deer
Lifespan, ageing, and relevant traits
- Maximum longevity
- 31.5 years (captivity)
- Source
- ref. 671
- Sample size
- Large
- Data quality
- High
- Observations
One captive specimen was about 31.5 years of age when it died [0671]. Average lifespan in captivity is similar to what is observed in wild populations (10-11 years) [1389].
Life history traits (averages)
- Female sexual maturity
- 852 days
- Male sexual maturity
- 730 days
- Gestation
- 245 days
- Weaning
- Litter size
- 1 (viviparous)
- Litters per year
- 0.9
- Inter-litter interval
- Weight at birth
- 10,100 g
- Weight at weaning
- Adult weight
- 200,000 g
- Postnatal growth rate
- 0.006 days-1 (from Gompertz function)
- Maximum longevity residual
- 99%
Metabolism
- Typical body temperature
- 308ºK or 35.2ºC or 95.4ºF
- Basal metabolic rate
- 112.4300 W
- Body mass
- 67000.0 g
- Metabolic rate per body mass
- 0.001678 W/g
References
- [1389] Hoffman and Valencak (2020), A short life on the farm: aging and longevity in agricultural, large-bodied mammals (PubMed)
- [1150] Jones et al. (2014), Diversity of ageing across the tree of life (PubMed)
- [1135] Lemaitre et al. (2013), Comparing free-ranging and captive populations reveals intra-specific variation in aging rates in large herbivores (PubMed)
- [1143] Nussey et al. (2013), Senescence in natural populations of animals: widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology (PubMed)
- [0900] Nussey et al. (2009), Inter- and intrasexual variation in aging patterns across reproductive traits in a wild red deer population (PubMed)
- [0791] Nussey et al. (2008), Testing for genetic trade-offs between early- and late-life reproduction in a wild red deer population (PubMed)
- [0789] Wilson et al. (2007), Evidence for a genetic basis of aging in two wild vertebrate populations (PubMed)
- [0790] Nussey et al. (2006), The rate of senescence in maternal performance increases with early-life fecundity in red deer (PubMed)
- [0671] Richard Weigl (2005), Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World
- [1009] Arnold et al. (2004), Nocturnal hypometabolism as an overwintering strategy of red deer (Cervus elaphus) (PubMed)
- [0036] Savage et al. (2004), The predominance of quarter-power scaling in biology
- [0147] Loe et al. (2003), Decelerating and sex-dependent tooth wear in Norwegian red deer (PubMed)
- [0086] Ditchkoff et al. (2001), Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): associations with serum testosterone, morphometrics and age during and after the breeding season (PubMed)
- [0146] Fisher et al. (2000), Role of ovarian failure in reproductive senescence in aged red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds (PubMed)
- [0145] Kruuk et al. (2000), Heritability of fitness in a wild mammal population (PubMed)
- [0434] Ronald Nowak (1999), Walker's Mammals of the World
- [0676] Purvis and Harvey (1995), Mammal life-history evolution: a comparative test of Charnov's model
- [0677] Saether and Gordon (1994), The adaptive significance of reproductive strategies in ungulates (PubMed)
- [0455] Virginia Hayssen et al. (1993), Asdell's Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction: A Compendium of Species-Specific Data
- [0680] Wootton (1987), The effects of body mass, phylogeny, habitat, and trophic level on mammalian age at first reproduction
- [0731] Zullinger et al. (1984), Fitting sigmoid equations to mammalian growth curves
External Resources
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System
- ITIS 180695
- Animal Diversity Web
- ADW account (if available)
- Encyclopaedia of Life
- Search EOL
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Taxonomy ID 9860
- Entrez
- Search all databases
- Ageing Literature
- Search Google Scholar or Search PubMed
- Images
- Google Image search
- Internet
- Search Google