The AR gene and its putative association with human ageing

Cell Types

Hair follicular keratinocyte

Cell Lines

Primary cell

Cancer Cell?

No

Method

Knockdown, Overexpression

Type of senescence

Unclear

Senescence Effect

Induces

Primary Reference

Yang et al. (2014) Androgen receptor accelerates premature senescence of human dermal papilla cells in association with DNA damage. PLoS One 8(11)e79434 (PubMed)

HGNC symbol

AR

Aliases

AIS; DHTR; HUMARA; NR3C4; SBMA; SMAX1

Common name

androgen receptor

Entrez Id

367

Description

The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract from the normal 9-34 repeats to the pathogenic 38-62 repeats causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy's disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017].

Gene Ontology

Process:

GO:6355; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:45944; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
GO:45893; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:6357; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
GO:30521; androgen receptor signaling pathway
GO:8285; negative regulation of cell population proliferation
GO:10628; positive regulation of gene expression
GO:8284; positive regulation of cell population proliferation
GO:7165; signal transduction
GO:7267; cell-cell signaling
GO:51092; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
GO:42327; positive regulation of phosphorylation
GO:8584; male gonad development
GO:122; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
GO:30518; intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
GO:2001237; negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:45597; positive regulation of cell differentiation
GO:30520; intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
GO:30522; intracellular receptor signaling pathway
GO:45720; negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
GO:45726; positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
GO:45945; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III
GO:71383; cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus
GO:71391; cellular response to estrogen stimulus
GO:71394; cellular response to testosterone stimulus
GO:1903076; regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
GO:1701; in utero embryonic development
GO:3073; regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
GO:3382; epithelial cell morphogenesis
GO:7283; spermatogenesis
GO:7338; single fertilization
GO:9566; fertilization
GO:10468; regulation of gene expression
GO:19102; male somatic sex determination
GO:33148; positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
GO:33327; Leydig cell differentiation
GO:35264; multicellular organism growth
GO:43410; positive regulation of MAPK cascade
GO:43568; positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:48608; reproductive structure development
GO:48638; regulation of developmental growth
GO:48645; animal organ formation
GO:48808; male genitalia morphogenesis
GO:50680; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
GO:60520; activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway
GO:60571; morphogenesis of an epithelial fold
GO:60599; lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
GO:60685; regulation of prostatic bud formation
GO:60736; prostate gland growth
GO:60740; prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis
GO:60742; epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development
GO:60748; tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
GO:60749; mammary gland alveolus development
GO:60769; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
GO:61458; reproductive system development
GO:72520; seminiferous tubule development

Cellular component:

GO:5634; nucleus
GO:5737; cytoplasm
GO:5829; cytosol
GO:5654; nucleoplasm
GO:785; chromatin
GO:32991; protein-containing complex
GO:16607; nuclear speck
GO:5886; plasma membrane

Function:

GO:5515; protein binding
GO:8270; zinc ion binding
GO:46872; metal ion binding
GO:3677; DNA binding
GO:3700; DNA-binding transcription factor activity
GO:43565; sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:4879; nuclear receptor activity
GO:8289; lipid binding
GO:5102; signaling receptor binding
GO:19899; enzyme binding
GO:978; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:5496; steroid binding
GO:976; transcription cis-regulatory region binding
GO:981; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
GO:3682; chromatin binding
GO:1228; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
GO:61629; RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
GO:8013; beta-catenin binding
GO:51117; ATPase binding
GO:1223; transcription coactivator binding
GO:1091; RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding
GO:5497; androgen binding
GO:70974; POU domain binding

Hide GO terms

Danio rerio

ar

Mus musculus

Ar

Rattus norvegicus

Ar

GenAge human genes